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Definition
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FLAVANOIDS AND PHENOLIC ACIDS:
CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION.
1. Aspalathin
  3'-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2',3,4,4',6'-
pentahydroxydihydrochalcone
Molecular formula: C 21 H 24  O 11
       
Molecular weight: 452 g/mol
2. Nothofagin
  3'-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2',4,4',6'-
butahydroxydihydrochalcone
Molecular formula: C 21 H 24  O 10
       
Molecular weight: 436 g/mol
3. Chrysoeriol
  2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-
benzopyran-4-one
Molecular formula: C 16 H 12  O 6
       
Molecular weight: 300 g/mol
4. Luteolin
  2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy
-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone
digitoflavone
Molecular formula: C 15 H 10  O 6
       
Molecular weight: 286 g/mol
Description: monohydrate, yellow needles
from alcohol
5. Quercetin
  2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-
benzopyran-4-one
3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone
meletin, sophoretin, cyanidenolon 1522
Molecular formula: C 15 H 10  O 7
       
Molecular weight: 302 g/mol
Description: dihydrate, yellow needles from
diliute alcohol
6. Isoquercitrin
  2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(beta-D-glucofuranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1 benzopyran-4-one
3,3',4',5,7-3-glucoside
isotrifoliin, trfoliin
Molecular formula: C 21 H 20  O 12
       
Molecular weight: 464 g/mol
Description: yellow needles from water
7. Rutin
  3-[[6-O-(6-Deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2-(3,4 dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rutinoside
quercetin-3-rutinoside
melin, phytomelin, eldrin, ilixathin, sophorin,
globularicitrin, birutan,
rutabion, rutozyd, tanrutin
Molecular formula: C 27 H 30  O 16
       
Molecular weight: 610 g/mol
Description: pale yellow needles from water.
The crystals contain three water molecules.
8. Orientin
  6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,
7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Molecular formula: C 21 H 20  O 11
       
Molecular weight: 448 g/mol
9. Vitexin
  6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-
dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Molecular formula: C 21 H 20  O 10
       
Molecular weight: 432 g/mol
10. Iso-orientin
  8-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)
-5,7- dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Molecular formula: C 21 H 20  O 11
       
Molecular weight: 448 g/mol
11. Isovitexin
  8-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5,7-
dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Molecular formula: C 21 H 20  O 10
       
Molecular weight: 432 g/mol

PHENOLIC ACIDS

1. p-hydroxybenzoic acid
 
Molecular formula: C 7 H 6  O 3
       
Molecular weight: 138 g/mol
Description: crystalline compound
2. Protocatechuic acid
  3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
Molecular formula: C 7 H 6  O 4
       
Molecular weight: 154 g/mol
Description: white to brownish crystalline powder
3. Vanillic acid
  4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid
Molecular formula: C 8 H 8  O 4
       
Molecular weight: 168 g/mol
Description: white odorless needles
4. Syringic acid
  3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
Molecular formula: C 9 H 10  O 5
       
Molecular weight: 198 g/mol
5. p-Coumaric acid
  3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid
p-hydroxycinnamic acid
beta-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-acrylic acid
Molecular formula: C 9 H 8  O 3
       
Molecular weight: 164 g/mol
Description: crystalline needles
6. Caffeic acid
  3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid
3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid
Molecular formula: C 9 H 8  O 4
       
Molecular weight: 180 g/mol
Description: yellow crystals from aqueous solutions
7. Ferulic acid
  3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid
3-methoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
caffeic acid 3-methyl ester
Molecular formula: C 10 H 10  O 4
       
Molecular weight: 194 g/mol
Description: cis-Form, yellow oil and trans-Form, orthorhombic needles from water